Mandiant M-Trends 2025 (PDF)
APT45 profile · M-Trends 2025 (report year; no day-level date on PDF)
Mandiant assesses with high confidence that APT4516 is a moderately sophisticated cyber operator that supports the interests of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK). Since at least 2009, APT45 has carried out a range of cyber operations aligned with the shifting geopolitical interests of the North Korean state.